BA 1st Semester Political Science (raajniti shastr, राजनीति शास्त्र) Important Questions

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ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी (सिद्धार्थ यूनिवर्सिटी 2021, शब्द–200)

उत्तर :- ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी एक निजी व्यापारिक कम्पनी थी, जिसने 1600 ई. में शाही अधिकार पत्र द्वारा व्यापार करने का अधिकार प्राप्त कर लिया था। इसकी स्थापना 1600 ई. के अन्तिम दिन महारानी एलिजाबेथ प्रथम के एक घोषणापत्र द्वारा हुई थी। यह लन्दन के व्यापारियों की कम्पनी थी, जिसे पूर्व में व्यापार करने का एकाधिकार प्रदान किया गया था। कम्पनी का मुख्य उद्देश्य धन कमाना था। 1708 ई. में ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी की प्रतिद्वन्दी कम्पनी ‘न्यू कम्पनी’ का ‘ईस्ट इण्डिया कम्पनी’ में विलय हो गया। परिणामस्वरूप 'द यूनाइटेड कम्पनी ऑफ़ मर्चेंट्स ऑफ़ इंग्लैण्ड ट्रेडिंग टू ईस्ट इंडीज' की स्थापना हुई। कम्पनी और उसके व्यापार की देख-रेख 'गर्वनर-इन-काउन्सिल' करती थी।

कंपनी का गठन मसाले के व्यापार के लिए किया गया था, जिसमें उस दौर में स्पेन और पुर्तगाल का एकाधिकार था। बाद में कंपनी ने कपास, रेशम, चाय, नील और अफीम का व्यापार शुरू कर दिया था। ईस्ट इंडिया कंपनी ने तत्कालीन मुगल बादशाह जहांगीर से व्यापार और सूरत में कारखाना लगाने की इजाजत लेकर व्यापार शुरू किया। दो सौ साल के भीतर कंपनी ने पूरे भारत को कब्जे में ले लिया था। 1857 में विद्रोह के बाद कंपनी को 1 जनवरी 1874 को भंग कर दिया गया

 

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